US Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Brad Davis, (center) Defense Threat Re...
The original finding aid described this photograph as: Base: Raf Lakenheath State: East Anglia Country: England / Great Britain (ENG) Scene Camera Operator: SSGT William Greer Release Status: Released to P... More
U.S. Air Force Col. Brian Hartless, 86th Civil Engineer
U.S. Air Force Col. Brian Hartless, 86th Civil Engineer Group commander, speaks to a crowd at the National Preparedness Month 5k Run on Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Sept. 29, 2017. This year’s overarching theme ... More
Marines and Sailors with Marine Corps Forces Special
Marines and Sailors with Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command begin removing a simulated casualty’s clothes to administer medical treatment during an Advanced Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and N... More
MEMPHIS, TN - DTRA's R&D - Chemical and Biological
MEMPHIS, TN - DTRA's R&D - Chemical and Biological Technologies Department supported the deployment of coronavirus (COVID-19) diagnostic swab kits to the United States from Brescia, Italy. This mission demonst... More
Marines and Sailors with Marine Corps Forces Special
Marines and Sailors with Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command carry a simulated casualty to a decontamination point during an Advanced Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical Course at... More
20th CBRNE Soldiers Build CWMD Partnerships
Members of the 20th Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, Explosives (CBRNE) Command joined senior military leaders, representatives from some of the closest U.S. allies, members of the Threat Reduction ... More
CBART test fixture and its 10 identical test cells.
CBART test fixture and its 10 identical test cells. (Image courtesy of Dr. Bruce D. McVeety, Battelle)
Pioneering the Data Frontier: Digital Battlespace Management
Pioneering the Data Frontier: Digital Battlespace Management
Oldest and youngest members of the U.S. Army cut cake
Oldest and youngest members of the U.S. Army cut cake in celebration of the 238th Army birthday at the McNamara Headquarters Complex, Fort Belvoir.
MEMPHIS, TN - DTRA's R&D - Chemical and Biological
MEMPHIS, TN - DTRA's R&D - Chemical and Biological Technologies Department supported the deployment of coronavirus (COVID-19) diagnostic swab kits to the United States from Brescia, Italy. This mission demonst... More
Sgt. Eric Song, survey team member, 773rd Civil Support
Sgt. Eric Song, survey team member, 773rd Civil Support Team, 7th Civil Support Command and a native of Seattle, Wash., left examines HAZMAT equipment that will be secured in the new Kosovo Security Force nucle... More
Students receive classroom training during DTRA's Nuclear
Students receive classroom training during DTRA's Nuclear Weapons Incident Response Training held on September 24-26 at Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne, WY.
William T. Nix, right, is presented with the Medal
William T. Nix, right, is presented with the Medal of Valor by Army Lt. Gen. Darsie Rogers, deputy director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, during a ceremony in the Hall of Heroes in the Pentagon, Aug. 14, 20... More
SCC-WMD Shield - The ussratcom center for combating wind logo
The Shield of the U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) Center for Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (SCC-WMD)
Members of the 375th and 932nd Aeromedical Evacuation
Members of the 375th and 932nd Aeromedical Evacuation Squadrons recieve training on the Transport Isolation System at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, Jan. 26, 2015. The training was designed to familiarize memb... More
An Air Force officer assigned to DTRA’s Research and
An Air Force officer assigned to DTRA’s Research and Development Directorate shows off part of a MACS-B and what this particular component looks like when it transforms from a tracked unmanned ground vehicle in... More
How organs-on-chips and computer modeling are changing
How organs-on-chips and computer modeling are changing the game in predicting the effects of emerging chemical and biological threat agents.
Staff Sgt. John Bennetts, survey team chief, 773rd
Staff Sgt. John Bennetts, survey team chief, 773rd Civil Support Team, 7th Civil Support Command and a native of Sioux Falls, S.D., native, left, removes a chemical protective suit from Sgt. Bajram Peci, leader... More
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) participated
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) participated in the National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA), Graduate Fellowship Program (NGFP) career fair which was held at the Department of Energy, 30 to 31 Jan.
Members of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency stand
Members of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency stand on the fields at Semipaltinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan where experimental equipment and infrastructure was left behind in 1991 after nuclear testing was condu... More
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference at the Duke Energy Convention Center from November 18 - 21, 2019. Thi... More
CCINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored
CCINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference at the Duke Energy Convention Center from November 18 - 21, 2019. Th... More
Nuclear Weapons Accident/Incident Exercise 13
Nuclear Weapons Accident/Incident Exercise 13 (NUWAIX 13) participants take part in the full-scale regional incident response exercise Malmstrom Air Force Base, May 2013.
DTRA/SCC-WMD command senior enlisted leader change of responsibility c...
Sgt. Maj. Scott L. Mykoo, U.S. Marine Corps, (left) relinquishes his position as command senior enlisted leader of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and U.S. Strategic Command Center for Combating Weapons of ... More
Col. Mike Binetti, from DTRA, third from left, and
Col. Mike Binetti, from DTRA, third from left, and his friends hold the Army flag atop Mount Kilimanjaro in January. Photos by Christian Ehret
Photo courtesy of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's
Photo courtesy of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Chemical and Biological Technologies Department.
Chambers of the Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution
Chambers of the Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution System (CAGES) at the Albuquerque, New Mexico, test site. Through CAGES, scientists examine how simulants of biological threat agents decay upon interacting ... More
"THIS (gasp) IS A TIGHT (gasp) FIT!" A scientist tries
"THIS (gasp) IS A TIGHT (gasp) FIT!" A scientist tries to squeeze into the seat of a tactical vehicle wearing the equipment a typical soldier would be wearing, in order to better understand how little room ther... More
A new frontier for testing protective masks that safeguard
A new frontier for testing protective masks that safeguard warfighters from chemical and biological threat agents.
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference at the Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Oh., from Nov. 18 to... More
Marines and Sailors with Marine Corps Forces Special
Marines and Sailors with Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command treat a simulated casualty during an Advanced Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical Course at Camp Lejeune, N.C., Dec. 1... More
Buster-Jangle SHOT Dog, atomic bomb, nuclear explosion
Military personnel observing one of the tests in the Buster-Jangle Series in the fall of 1951. Photo courtesy of National Nuclear Security Administration / Nevada Site Office
Portrait of DoD Mr. Carmen J. Spencer Director, Chemical and Biologica...
The original finding aid described this photograph as: Base: Pentagon State: District Of Columbia (DC) Country: United States Of America (USA) Scene Camera Operator: Scott Davis, CIV Release Status: Releas... More
The powdery dust next to the penny is 2mg of fentanyl.
The powdery dust next to the penny is 2mg of fentanyl. Just 2mg can be lethal to people. Source: U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Fentanyl. DEA website. https://www.dea.gov/galleries/drug-images/fent... More
DTRA Deputy Director Darsie Rogers passes the DTRA
DTRA Deputy Director Darsie Rogers passes the DTRA flag to Master Chief Phillip Ibanez during the Command Senior Enlisted Leader Change of Responsibility Ceremony, Ft. Belvoir, Va., June 11, 2019. (DTRA Photo b... More
Dr. Robert Pope of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Dr. Robert Pope of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency recently spoke on a panel at the Global Congress on Chemical Security and Emerging Threats conference in Lyon, France Oct. 28031.
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference at the Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Oh., from Nov. 18 to... More
Amy Shurtleff, Ph.D., works in a biosafety level 4
Amy Shurtleff, Ph.D., works in a biosafety level 4 laboratory at USAMRIID. Shurtleff is part of a team that evaluated the protective efficacy of Merck's EBOV vaccine, V920. (Image courtesy of USAMRIID)
How Sweet It Is: GlycoSCORES Speed Drug Development
Loading TECAN: Researchers remove a sample plate from the robotic handler. With 384 sample spots (including several for calibration/calibration check), a vast number of permutations and combinations of glycosyl... More
Members from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)
Members from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and the National Nuclear Center (NNC) walk from tunnel closure areas on Degelen Mountain at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in eastern Kazakhstan. The mountai... More
Capt. Michelle Pierson, Air Mobility Command flight
Capt. Michelle Pierson, Air Mobility Command flight nurse evaluator, discusses the components of the Transport Isolation System to members of the 375th and 932nd Aeromedical Evacuation Squadrons at Scott Air Fo... More
Three protein biomarkers that fluctuate differently
Three protein biomarkers that fluctuate differently in bacterial and viral infections. (Image courtesy of PLOS ONE.)
Chief Master Sergeant Timothy Horn, outgoing Command
Chief Master Sergeant Timothy Horn, outgoing Command Senior Enlisted Leader and Master Chief Phillip Ibanez, incoming Command Senior Enlisted Leader share the stage during a Change of Responsibility Ceremony, J... More
Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter presents
Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter presents a Joint Meritorious Unit Award to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Jan. 25, 2013 at Fort Belvoir, Va. (Photo by Erin A. Kirk-Cuomo)
FORT BELVOIR, Va. – A ceremony held at the Defense
FORT BELVOIR, Va. – A ceremony held at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) Ft. Belvoir, Va. headquarters honored the extraordinary accomplishments of DTRA’s director of Research and Development, Dr. Rh... More
A scientist from the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
A scientist from the Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) separates metal-organic framework (MOF) material from an aluminum surface after electrospinning it. Electrospinning turns a liquid polymer solutio... More
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference at the Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Oh., from Nov. 18 to... More
Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter stands for
Deputy Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter stands for the national anthem before presenting a Joint Meritorious Unit Award to the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Jan. 25, 2013 at Fort Belvoir, Va. (Photo by E... More
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored
CINCINNATI, OHIO - The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) Conference at the Duke Energy Convention Center, Cincinnati, Oh., from Nov. 18 to... More
Michael A. Dunne, right, is presented with the Medal
Michael A. Dunne, right, is presented with the Medal of Valor by Army Lt. Gen. Darsie Rogers, deputy director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, during a ceremony in the Hall of Heroes in the Pentagon, Aug. 14, ... More
Notional image illustrating how light reflected from
Notional image illustrating how light reflected from butterfly wing scales results in unique data when in the presence of different vapors. Experimental data is shown for dichloropentane (orange), a mustard gas... More
On 02 October 2016, members of the Department of Defense,
On 02 October 2016, members of the Department of Defense, Joint IED Defeat Organization (JIDO) visited with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) and displays equipment used for counter-improvised-threat s... More
SES Mr.Lampela and Major General Christopher Bentley
SES Mr.Lampela and Major General Christopher Bentley talks with Lieutenant General Ali Fahmi Commander, Air Defense Forces Egyptian Armed Forces in an recent visit.
Strategic Trends Forum - Iran and Gray Zone Warfare.
Strategic Trends Forum - Iran and Gray Zone Warfare. Guest speaker: Mr. Michael Eisenstadt. Fort Belvoir Virginia, 01-08-2020. Portions of this image were masked for security reasons.
Portrait of DoD Dr. Jay C. Davis, Director, Defense Threat Reduction A...
The original finding aid described this photograph as: Base: Pentagon State: District Of Columbia (DC) Country: United States Of America (USA) Scene Camera Operator: Scott Davis Release Status: Released to... More
Army Maj. Gen. Lucas N. Polakowski, SCC-WMD deputy
Army Maj. Gen. Lucas N. Polakowski, SCC-WMD deputy director and SJFHQ-E commander, visits DTRA's Defense Threat Reduction Information Analysis Center exhibit during the HQC Family and Diversity Day. (Photo by DTRA A/V)
Next-Generation DNA Delivery Devices
A number of DNA vaccine delivery devices are in commercial development which have the potential to overcome these logistical burdens. Several of them will be evaluated by medical personnel at the Delivery of Nu... More
MEMPHIS, TN- DTRA's R&D - Chemical and Biological
MEMPHIS, TN- DTRA's R&D - Chemical and Biological Technologies Department supported the deployment of coronavirus (COVID-19) diagnostic swab kits to the United States from Brescia, Italy. This mission demonstr... More
Scientists watch soldiers sample simulated leaking
Scientists watch soldiers sample simulated leaking chemical weapons in an underground facility in order to get a better idea of both the bulky protective gear soldiers must wear as well as the dark, constrained... More
Representation of the Burkholderia pan-genome and
Representation of the Burkholderia pan-genome and sub-components. The purple circle represents the number of unique genes found within the genus Burkholderia; the red circle represents the genes shared among B.... More
Confocal microscope image of a tissue-engineered microvessel
Confocal microscope image of a tissue-engineered microvessel formed from human brain microvascular endothelial cells in a 3D matrix. Image courtesy of Prof. Peter Searson, Johns Hopkins University.
Prophylactic activity of engineered EcN against P.
Prophylactic activity of engineered EcN against P. aeruginosa infection. (a) Scheme for pre colonization of EcN in the GI tract followed by P. aeruginosa infection. (b) Colonization of EcN was assessed by fecal... More
More than 120 Department of Defense and Department
More than 120 Department of Defense and Department of Energy laboratory principle investigators and program managers attended the second Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) Laboratory Engagement Workshop, ... More
William T. Nix, right, is presented with the Medal
William T. Nix, right, is presented with the Medal of Valor by Army Lt. Gen. Darsie Rogers, deputy director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, during a ceremony in the Hall of Heroes in the Pentagon, Aug. 14, 20... More
Retired U.S. Marine Corps Col. Jay R. Vargas, Medal
Retired U.S. Marine Corps Col. Jay R. Vargas, Medal of Honor recipient, speaks to Sgt. Maj. Howard Long, Sgt. Maj., Defense Threat Reduction Agency, during the evening parade reception in the Marine Family Gard... More
Sgt. Eric Song, survey team member, 773rd Civil Support
Sgt. Eric Song, survey team member, 773rd Civil Support Team, 7th Civil Support Command and a native of Seattle, Wash., left, and Sgt. Bajram Peci, leader decontamination station, 1st Platoon, HAZMAT Company, C... More
JSTO in the News - A close up of a sign with a sky background
Stock image for JSTO in the News.
Members of the United Kingdom’s Joint Arms Control
Members of the United Kingdom’s Joint Arms Control Implementation Group perform a Conventional Armed Forces in Europe training event at Royal Air Force Lakenheath, England, April 12, 2018. The CFE treaty was si... More
Members from the Philippines Bureau of Fire Protection
Members from the Philippines Bureau of Fire Protection Special Rescue Unit (BFP SRU) and the Fountain Fire Department (FFD) don chemical protection clothing for a training exercise in Fountain, Colorado, Februa... More
Dr. Robert Pope of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency
Dr. Robert Pope of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency recently spoke on a panel at the Global Congress on Chemical Security and Emerging Threats conference in Lyon, France Oct. 28031.
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Research and
Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Research and Development director delivered a keynote speech at the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD) Consortium General Membership Meeting and Industry Day in... More
FORT BELVOIR, Virginia - The Defense Threat Reduction
FORT BELVOIR, Virginia - The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) partnered with the Joint Staff Surgeon’s Office to conduct, an “Evolving Threats Forum” at DTRA’s Fort Belvoir headquarters, Dec.6. The forum ... More
Chlorine is expelled from a tank during the 2016 Jack
Chlorine is expelled from a tank during the 2016 Jack Rabbit II field trials. Infrared image of a chlorine release during the field trials. Official U.S. Department of Homeland Security Images.
Dr. Hann, Director of the Joint Science and Technology
Dr. Hann, Director of the Joint Science and Technology Office at the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, examines the liver module of the XCEL project at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Students receive classroom training during DTRA's Nuclear
Students receive classroom training during DTRA's Nuclear Weapons Incident Response Training held on September 24-26 at Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne, WY.
FORT BELVOIR, Virginia - The Defense Threat Reduction
FORT BELVOIR, Virginia - The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) partnered with the Joint Staff Surgeon’s Office to conduct, an “Evolving Threats Forum” at DTRA’s Fort Belvoir headquarters, Dec.6. The forum ... More
The sun rises over the challenge site as the systems
The sun rises over the challenge site as the systems under test prepare for another day of engagement at the counter-UAS Hard Kill Challenge at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, February 27-March 31, 2017.... More
Staff Sgt. Nicholas H. Martin, Defense Nuclear Weapons School, teaches...
Staff Sgt. Nicholas H. Martin, Defense Nuclear Weapons School, teaches the “Medical Effects of Ionized Nuclear Radiation” module of the IRNIR Course at the DNWS, November 2012. Martin is a member of the Mobile ... More
Edgewood Chemical Biological Center Acting Director
Edgewood Chemical Biological Center Acting Director Eric Moore, Ph.D., (left) and Michael Feasel, Ph.D., discuss carfentanil exposure effects and their relation to warfighters. (Official ECBC photo)
(A) Schematic of the confocal laser beam trap (B) The
(A) Schematic of the confocal laser beam trap (B) The laser profile of the trapping hollow cone (C) A particle is trapped at the focal point Figure courtesy of Optics Letters.
‘We have to pivot and focus on combat at sea’ Master Chief Petty Offic...
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Russell Smith discusses upcoming changes to the Navy’s policies during his visit to Defense Threat Reduction Agency March 7, 2019. (Department of Defense photo by Sunghee Chon)
Collaboration between Defense Threat Reduction Agency,
Collaboration between Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Chemical and Biological Technologies Department and Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine resulted in developing organ-on-a-chip technology. The ... More
DTRA Deputy Director Darsie Rogers, Chief Master Sergeant
DTRA Deputy Director Darsie Rogers, Chief Master Sergeant Timothy Horn, outgoing Command Senior Enlisted Leader and Master Chief Phillip Ibanez stand at attention during a Change of Responsibility Ceremony, Jun... More
Great Power Competition Workshop, Fort Belvoir Virginia,
Great Power Competition Workshop, Fort Belvoir Virginia, 09-11-2019. Portions of this image were masked for security reasons.
DTRA receives award from DOE Secretary
DTRA and NNSA personnel that were part of the UK HEU Removal Team receive the Secretary's Honor Achievement Award from DOE Sec. Rick Perry.
Strategic Trends Forum - Iran and Gray Zone Warfare.
Strategic Trends Forum - Iran and Gray Zone Warfare. Guest speaker: Mr. Michael Eisenstadt. Fort Belvoir Virginia, 01-08-2020. Portions of this image were masked for security reasons.
DTRA Leadership Meets with Australian Counterparts for Strategic Dialo...
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Deputy Director met with senior Australian Defense officials for a series of roundtable meetings focusing on Indo-Pacific regional activities, at the Australian Defense For... More
The rapid design, assembly and validation of paper-based
The rapid design, assembly and validation of paper-based biomolecular sensors for the portable detection of Zika virus is shown here. Using sequence information from online databases, primers for isothermal RNA... More
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) participated
The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) participated in the National Nuclear Security Administration’s (NNSA), Graduate Fellowship Program (NGFP) career fair which was held at the Department of Energy, 30 to 31 Jan.
Service members, DoD employees, the media, and quite
Service members, DoD employees, the media, and quite a few children – it was also Bring Your Child to Work Day – stopped by DTRA’s booth in the Pentagon courtyard during the third biennial DoD Lab Day. (DTRA Ph... More
On Sept. 17, Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force James
On Sept. 17, Chief Master Sgt. of the Air Force James A. Cody served as the keynote speaker for the McNamara Headquarters Complex’s celebration of the U.S. Air Force’s 66th birthday. (Photo: DTRA A/V)
General Director of the National Nuclear Center in
General Director of the National Nuclear Center in the Republic of Kazakhstan Erlan Gadletovich Batyrbekov does an interview with Defense Threat Reduction Agency Public Affairs Team.
Strategic Trends Forum - Iran and Gray Zone Warfare.
Strategic Trends Forum - Iran and Gray Zone Warfare. Guest speaker: Mr. Michael Eisenstadt. Fort Belvoir Virginia, 01-08-2020. Portions of this image were masked for security reasons.
FORT BELVOIR, Va. – More than 120 Department of Defense
FORT BELVOIR, Va. – More than 120 Department of Defense and Department of Energy laboratory principle investigators and program managers attended the second Defense Threat Reduction Agency’s (DTRA) Laboratory E... More
The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical
The Defense Threat Agency sponsored the 2019 Chemical and Biological Defense Science and Technology (CBD S&T) conference at the Duke Energy Convention center, Cincinnati, Oh., from Nov. 18 to 21, 2019. This ev... More
From right to left; Brandon R. Seabolt, William T.
From right to left; Brandon R. Seabolt, William T. Nix, and Michael A. Dunne listen to Army Lt. Gen. Darsie Rogers, deputy director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, before each getting presented with the Medal... More
William T. Nix, right, is presented with the Medal
William T. Nix, right, is presented with the Medal of Valor by Army Lt. Gen. Darsie Rogers, deputy director, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, during a ceremony in the Hall of Heroes in the Pentagon, Aug. 14, 20... More
Numerous federal and state response agencies, including
Numerous federal and state response agencies, including Joint Task Force Civil Support, spent weeks supporting response efforts in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy struck those regions last October... More
WMD course wraps up at DOD Center in Germany
Dr. John Reppert speaks with Kadambay Sultanov of Uzbekistan during the Seminar on Weapons of Mass Destruction/Terrorism 13-8 at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. Sultanov was one of ... More
Hispanic Heritage Celebration at DTRA, DLA
Juana Bordas, author and founding president of the National Hispana Leadership Institute, shares her story of how her family left Nicaragua decades ago for a better life in the U.S., how her family has served A... More